Сучасні підходи до типології дискурсу
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28925/2412-2491.2024.233Ключові слова:
дискурс, визначення дискурсу, класифікація ознак дискурсу, характер дискурсу, жанр дискурсуАнотація
У статті представлено результати розгляду наявних у лінгвістиці уявлень про дискурс як об’єкт мовознавчих досліджень. Розглянуто походження лексеми ‘discourse’ в англійській мові. На основі логіко-змістового аналізу визначень поняття дискурсу, вміщених у тлумачних і спеціальних мовознавчих словниках, було синтезоване його визначення. Розглянуто наведені в науковій літературі аргументи щодо розмежування поняття дискурсу з наближеними до нього поняттями «мовлення», «текст», «контекст», «комунікація». Обґрунтовано комплексну класифікацію типологічних ознак дискурсу, вибір морфологічних компонентів якої було здійснено з урахуванням специфіки діалектичної тріади логічного мислення «так – або/або – ні». До класифікації уведено такі критерії, як тип комунікації (усна, усно-писемна, писемна), форма повідомлення (монологічна, монологічно-діалогічна, діалогічна), різновид дискурсу за ступенем його формальності (формальний, напівформальний, неформальний), характер дискурсу (гармонійний, полемічний, конфліктний), ступінь його емоційно-прагматичного потенціалу (низький, середній, високий), сфера комунікації (професійно-ділова, публічно-медійна, побутова), жанр дискурсу (промова, лекція, перемовини, проповідь, бесіда тощо). Передбачається, що сформована класифікація може бути корисною у проведенні експериментальних досліджень у мовознавстві при окресленні меж конкретних дискурсів і формуванні виборок їхніх експериментальних зразків.
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